Honey bee subspecies

African, Africanized – aggressive, absconds

Carniolan – gentle, winter well, rapid population growth, cold tolerant

Caucasian – good disposition, heavy propolizers

German – comb honey production, runners, vulnerable to brood diseases

Italian – disease resistant, large queen, not runners, good honey producers, large winter populations

Buckfast – gentle, disease tolerant, heavy proploizers

Russian – hygienic, gentle

SMR VSH – hygienic, disease resistant

Cordovan – gentle, comb builders

Midnight – Caucasian/Carnolian cross

Starline – fast buildup, poor overwintering, good production